Anxa1+ dopamine neuron vulnerability defines prodromal Parkinson's disease-like bradykinesia and procedural motor learning impairment

Progressive degeneration of dopamine neurons (DANs) defines Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the identity and function of the most vulnerable DAN populations in prodromal PD remain undefined. Here, we identify substantia nigra DANs with Annexin A1 (Anxa1) expression as selectively vulnerable across multiple prodromal PD mouse models and in PD patient samples. We found that Anxa1+ DANs have a...