Region-specific Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Signals Encode Distinct Aspects of Avoidance Learning

Avoidance learning – learning to avoid bad outcomes – is an essential survival behavior. Dopamine signals are widely observed in response to aversive stimuli, indicating they could play a role in learning about how to avoid these stimuli. However, it is unclear what computations dopamine signals perform to support avoidance learning. Furthermore, substantial heterogeneity in dopamine responses to...