Cell Membrane Charging by Co- and Counter-Directional ns electrical pulses (nsEP)

Strobe photography, used at nanosecond resolution, captures the dynamic process of cell membrane charging and relaxation kinetics in cells treated with FluoVolt dye and exposed to electric pulses. This study uses a triangular electrode array where 300 ns pulses are applied alternately at a frequency of 1.67 MHz. The precise coordination of electric pulses and laser flashes, adjusted in 50 ns...